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Panic
Attacks
What
is a Panic Attack?
Panic
attacks can be really scary. They come on quite suddenly and
usually build up to a peak in less than ten minutes. You’re
probably having a panic attack if you have more than four
of these symptoms:
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Your
heart is pounding, palpitating, or beating very fast |
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You’re
sweating |
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You’re
trembling or shaking |
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You
feel you’re smothering or you can’t breathe easily |
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You
feel like you’re choking |
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You
feel dizzy, light-headed or faint |
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You’re
afraid you might lose control or go crazy |
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You’re
afraid you might die |
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You’re
feeling sick or your stomach feels distressed |
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You’re
feeling numbness or tingling, perhaps in the back of your
head |
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You
don’t feel quite real or attached to yourself |
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You’re
having chills or hot flushes |
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You
only experience these feelings sometimes |
If
you are going through any of these things, it’s a good idea
to go to your doctor.
Are
all panic attacks the same?
Panic attacks aren’t always
the same. Sometimes they’re stronger than at other times,
and they can last only as little as a few seconds or rather
longer.
People who experience panic attacks usually say the fear
is very intense, and often want to run away from the place
where the panic attack occurs.
There
are three types:
Those which
are triggered
by something :
perhaps a place or a happening, or a situation where something
is expected of you, or something that you’re very scared of,
perhaps seeing a dog or a spider or a bird. You might recognise
that it’s in response to a phobia such as fear of flying or
fear of crowds. Maybe when you have to speak in public you
also blush and your mouth feels dry.
Those which are bound to a situation:
being in a situation where you’ve experienced panic attacks
before, like driving on motorways, or perhaps in bed when
you’re trying to sleep, or in a shopping centre, can sometimes
mean you’re afraid you may have another if that situation’s
repeated. It doesn’t mean you’ll have a panic attack every
time you’re in that situation, but that often you’re afraid
you might.
Those which don’t seem to have a
cue: when a
panic attack seems to come on completely "out of the
blue" and you don’t initially know why.
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So
what can you do?
It helps to know that you are not the
only one who feels this way. Panic
attacks are a recognised condition and they are quite common,
though you may not be aware of other sufferers because people
often try to hide what’s happening to them out of shame or
embarrassment or a feeling that somehow they’re a sign of
failure or inadequacy. In fact they’re not. They’re just a
chemical response in your body and they don’t last forever.
Your doctor can prescribe medication which relieves the symptoms.
One of the tablets prescribed is Propranolol. This is
such a widely-needed and valuable drug that the man who invented
it won a Nobel Prize! Your doctor won’t be critical if you
explain what’s happening to you. Asking for help is a sign
of strength because you’ve recognised you’ve had a problem
and are doing something about it, rather than just suffering
passively. After all, if your TV went wrong or the clutch
went on your car, wouldn’t it be sensible to ask an expert
to help fix it?
What
else can I do?
It’s useful to know that a
panic attack is not a heart attack, which has different
symptoms
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A
gland in your neck controls your heart rhythm so gently
stroking down your neck from under your jaw and either
side of your Adam’s Apple with one finger and thumb will
relax the release of the hormones involved and will be
soothing. |
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Occupying
your mind by working out what’s triggered the attack will
help. Sometimes it can be something that reminds you of
the trigger, so be your own detective. |
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Some
gentle exercise will help by using up surplus anxiety
hormones. You could for example dance to music or go for
a walk or use an exercise bike. |
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Ordinary
tea contains a muscle relaxant, so having a cuppa is helpful
- and gives you something to do. |
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Smoking
may feel soothing but usually if you stop smoking, or
cut down to around 5 mild cigarettes a day, your symptoms
will lessen or cut out completely. |
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Cutting
out coca-cola and caffeinated coffee also reduces symptoms.
Sometimes just drinking strong coffee is enough to trigger
an increased heart-rate. |
Your
body and your mind work on a linked system. When your mind
feels stress it makes you breathe faster and more shallowly,
so extra oxygen is sent to your muscles and brain (hence the
tingling and spaced-out feeling) and less goes to your digestive
system (hence the weirdness in your tummy). The increased
heart-rate is so that this oxygen can help you respond quicker
to danger. If you break the cycle at any point things can
get back to normal. So gently making your breathing slower
and deeper will help stop the panic, calm your heart-rate
and slow the whole shebang down to normal.
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How
can I relax?
Taking up Yoga
will help you achieve true relaxation. You can get teach yourself
books about it or join a class.
Relaxation tapes can work wonders. Practise using them
when you’re calm so your mind will be used to that way of
focusing when you need it.
Try
this Countdown for success:
Find a couple of minutes to
sit quietly two or three times a day.
Close your eyes and behind your closed eyelids look down to
your solar plexus (in the middle of your body a hand’s width
below your ribs).
Picture the number one down there.
As you slowly breathe in see the number one rise up high,
then as you breathe out see it sink again until you can park
it down low.
Then picture the number two down there, breathe in and raise
it high, breathe out and see it sink back low, and park it
beside the number one.
Do the same thing for the rest of the numbers up to twelve.
If you lose count it’s OK to start again.
Practicing
this exercise makes it easier and learning to focus your mind
helps, so that when you feel stressed you can "head off"
a panic attack before it develops, or make it shorter and
less intense.
Good
News
Almost
all panic attacks are learned. The first one was
probably a response to a really stressful event. Because it
was so intense, our minds and bodies remember what they were
like - in other words, we’ve learned the pattern.
That’s why panic attacks are mostly associated with places,
actions or situations where we’ve once experienced one.
When we remember how it felt, we can remember how scary it
was and get scared again. That raises our levels of anxiety
and so we produce more anxiety hormones. We have become afraid
of fear.
The higher level of anxiety hormones may become our new norm,
so our body thinks it’s supposed to produce more of them now.
(That’s how some anti-stress drugs work: in simple terms,
they "eat up" the surplus hormones so our body can
re-learn how little stress it is really supposed to be producing.)
So
here’s a technique for un-learning panic attacks.
With a pen and paper make a list of
all the times you’ve ever been in that situation and been
OK.
Maybe you’ve become afraid of car-parks because someone once
followed you round one. But think of all the times you weren’t
followed before that and were OK.
All the times you parked at the supermarket to buy the groceries
- that’s probably several hundred times, like when you were
getting ready for a dinner for Auntie Flo or someone’s birthday,
or just the weekly shop. When you went up town to do your
Christmas shopping. When you picked someone up from the station.
When you dropped your kids off at school. When you took your
car in to be serviced.
So it’s not car-parks that are scary, it’s the person who
followed you. Now you could think of that actual event. Get
it really specific to that one time and place and person.
Remember whether it was day or night, morning or evening,
sunny or rainy, July or October. Were you in a dark corner
of the basement? Or on the roof in the snow? Remember that
one person, and then remember all the hundreds and thousands
of ordinary people you’ve met who’ve never done you any harm.
The
more you can remember times when you were OK, the more you’ll
be OK in the future.
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Ettie’s
Story
I
remember the first time I had a panic attack. I was
31 and had had three miscarriages for which my husband
blamed me, but the NHS wouldn’t do anything. I already
felt terrible both physically and emotionally, and my
toddler son was very demanding. My husband was really
stressed - he’d been made redundant and was now earning
a pittance for shift-work in a rotten job. He was really
prickly so we weren’t getting on too well. One night
when my son was at my mother’s and my husband was at
work, I went downs to the kitchen at about eleven o’clock
to make a cup of hot chocolate.
And
surprised a burglar. He grabbed the bread-knife and
threatened me. My heart began beating like crazy. I
screamed and ran away, out the front door and to my
neighbours’ house, but they weren’t in. I was terrified
the man would follow me. I ran to the phone box at the
end of the road and called the police. It seemed to
take ages but they eventually arrived. I got in their
car and they went to the house. The burglar was long
gone, so the police brought me in to find out what was
missing. Not much, really, just the video and a portable
radio, though the place was a bit of a mess. One of
the constables made me a cup of tea, and the other one
had a look round. I knew I’d left everywhere locked
up because I always do. He said the burglar must have
got in through the window by using a wire to pull up
the catch. After we’d filled in the paperwork they asked
if there was anyone I wanted to call, but I didn’t know
anybody who lived nearby and my mum could scarcely get
my lad up in the middle of the night, so the police
left me alone and went away.
All
this time my heart had been going like the clappers.
It was booming, really shaking my rib-cage, and I was
sure I was having a heart-attack. But there was no pain
down my arm and I could still move about despite feeling
faint and peculiar. I thought about calling an ambulance
but they charge you money if they don’t think you need
one and I’d only got about 50p. I was too scared to
walk down to the cashpoint - it was about half-past
one by this time - and I just never thought of getting
a taxi to take me to the hospital via the bank. Anyway,
I didn’t want to make a fuss. Besides, I was scared
that if I left the house, or even went upstairs to bed,
that man would come again. I couldn’t help thinking
how furious my husband was going to be, and that he
was bound to blame me somehow. But it was really horrible,
knowing that man had been in our house, going through
our things, and I hadn’t even known it. I kept being
afraid someone would break in again.
So
I sat up all night. I tried lying on the sofa but it
seemed to make my heart beat louder and I was scared
I’d die in my sleep. It was really drumming in my ears.
I made myself check all the doors and windows over and
over again. About 3 a.m. I rang the Samaritans and the
woman I spoke to was great. Gradually my heart-beat
subsided, though I was still too frightened to sleep,
but when my husband came in he blamed me just like I’d
thought he would, and we had a blazing row. I was relieved
when he took himself off to bed.
The
lady from the Samaritans had suggested I go to see my
GP in the morning if I still felt ill, so I did. The
doctor had been totally unsupportive about the miscarriages,
and he wasn’t much use now. He more or less said, "If
you think you’ve had a heart-attack we’d better get
it checked out at the hospital." I know now, years
later, he was doing it to reassure me, but I’d wanted
him to say, "No, of course it wasn’t a heart-attack,"
and he hadn’t. That scared me even more.
For
the next couple of years I kept having to go to the
heart clinic, and it got to the stage where every time
I tried to go to sleep I’d have what I know now were
panic attacks. I only wish I’d known it then. What with
that keeping me awake for hours in terror, and nightmares
when I did drop off, I was permanently exhausted. Even
when we could afford a car I was too scared to drive.
When my husband pushed me into it I almost crashed.
Then I had a major panic attack on a busy road and he
shouted at me.
It
wasn’t just in the car or the house.
I
was so scared I was going crazy I couldn’t get on buses
or trains. When I tried once, I collapsed on the stairs
at the railway station. It was horrible. People must
have thought I was drunk because they kept walking around
me, until an old lady came to help. After that I had
panic attacks about stairs, too.
For
a while I couldn’t go up town even with someone else.
Things with my husband went from bad to worse. I’d have
left him except I had dreadful visions of myself dropping
dead in front of my little boy and he’d be left crying
over my corpse with nobody to help him.
Two
years later, after loads of ultra-sounds, echo-scans
and ECGs, I finally saw a doctor at the hospital who
said I hadn’t had a heart-attack. She confirmed it was
a panic attack and that they were different. By this
time we had a different GP. She prescribed me Propranolol,
and I could have kissed her. The panic attacks started
getting less severe and some nights I actually didn’t
have one at all! She also sent me to a stress therapy
group. It was one and a half hours every Thursday evening
at a local mental hospital, and though it could have
been better run I did learn how panic attacks work and
what to do about them. I also came to realise that most
men don’t behave like my husband did so I didn’t have
to put up with his aggression and bullying. I got strong
enough to get a decent job. I left my husband who’d
started to get violent, and set up home a safe distance
away with my little boy. I still had panic attacks quite
a lot at night, and it didn’t help when my husband would
ring up at 2 a.m. and threaten me, though he never actually
did anything. I stopped that by recording his calls
(just leave the answerphone on).
Gradually
I learned that panic attacks don’t kill you. One would
start and I’d just feel so bored by it. It was like
I couldn’t be bothered to go into the anxiety any more.
Stopping smoking and changing from coffee to tea also
helped. So did Paul McKenna’s relaxation video, and
some meditation techniques I learned from a Yoga class.
I think probably the assertiveness course I took helped
too, but the best thing I ever did was have one-to-one
therapy with a Transactional Analysis psychotherapist.
I’ve made new decisions about myself and I feel better
than I have ever done in my whole entire life.
I
haven’t had a panic attack at all for years now. I have
to think hard to work out when I had my last one, it’s
so long ago. It must be at least nine years. I drive
to work every day and can even drive on motorways. I
can travel quite happily on public transport, and enjoy
meeting new people on train journeys. I no longer have
to be embarrassed about being scared of stairs. I’m
happily remarried, and though I never had another child,
my lovely new husband is a wonderful father to my son.
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